Calculating machine



0%24, 1939. c, sMaTH 2,176,934

CALCULAT ING MACHINE Original Filed May 31, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 [wee/arm Oct. 24, 1939.

c. SMITH CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 31, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig.4-

BY w w- ATTORNEY Oct. 24,1939. $M|TH Q 2,176,934

CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 31, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 152B 153/1 I53J I602 ISM IE W I VENTOR.

A T TORNEY Patented Oct. 24, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original application May 31, 1932, Serial No.

Divided and this application June 11,

1936, Serial No. 84,693

17 Claims.

This applicationis a division of my application Serial No. 614,411, filed May 31, 1932.

The invention relates to calculating machines and the primary object is to provide a novel electrical accumulative carry-over for effecting a carry from one order of digits to the next order when required.

Other important objects are to accumulate a carry during a computation; to effect a carryover from one order of digits to the next order as the last step of a computation; and to efiect a carry-over from one order to the next order progressively as required from the lowest to the highest orders in adding and multiplying computations.

Still further objects of my invention are to accumulate a carry and to effect a carry-over electrically; to effect accumulation of the carry under control of the manifesting device in which go the result of a computation is entered; to effect the entry of the carry in the manifesting device under control of such device; to prevent entry of the carry until the other steps in the computation are completed; to accumulate for one order of digits the carry required from the adjacent order of digits; and to provide an accumulative carry-over of simple and economical construction and efficient and positive operation.

A selected embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the adding and multiplicand keys;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the multiplier keys and the starting, zero-setting and error correction keys and wherein certain control relays are diagrammatically illustrated;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the counting or multiplicand and multiplier relays;

Fig. 4 is a partially diagrammatic view of the amount manifesting device and order switching mechanism and wherein certain control relays are diagrammatically illustrated; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the carryover relays.

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS .Multiplicand keys. Fig. 1 In Fig. 1 three rows of keys numbered 1 to 9 in each row are shown which are selectively pressed to set up succesive numbers in addition or subtraction or to set up a multiplicand in multiplication. These keys selectively prepare for energization of the counting or multiplicand relays shown in the upper part of Fig. 3.

The keys shown in Fig. 1 are conventional lock down contact-closing keys. Releasing means common to all of these keys are provided for releasing locked down keys at the end of a computation. The locking and releasing means includes a locking bar as 59 for each row of keys. These bars are operative to retain a depressed key in any row in locked down position. The several bars are connected to the release bar 58 by pins as 59A through slots as 59B. Thebar 58 is normally held in position to retain the bars as 59 in locking position by a spring 66 and is moved to effect release of locked down keys by energization of the magnet 56. Once depressed a key stays in its locked down position until released by the energization of the magnet 56 or the depression of another key in the same row.

Each key operates a contact as 52A. One side of each contact associated with each key in each row is connected to a common conductor, as 55, and these common conductors for each row are connected to a grounding conductor 16A which leads to one side of a contact associated with the starting key 16 (Fig. 2), the other side of which contact is grounded whereby when the key 16 is depressed the sides of the contacts connected to the common conductors, as 55, are grounded. The key 16 is not of the lock down type. The other side of each contact associated with each key shown in Fig. 1, as for example the contact 52A, is respectively connected to a conductor as 52B, and these conductors, leading from said other side of these contacts, are wired in a cable 53 which, in the drawings, terminates in Fig. 1 and reappears in Fig. 3.

Multiplier and control keys. Fig. 2

The bank of keys shown in Fig. 2 are for the purpose of setting up a multiplier and are referred to hereinafter as the multiplier keys. They are arranged in three rows and are numbered 1 to 9 in each row. When pressed these keys efiect energization of the multiplier relays shown in the lower part of Fig. 3. These keys are of a conventional non-locking contact-closing 50 type. One side of a contact associated with each key is grounded and conductors respectively lead from the other side of each contact and are wired in a cable 85 terminated in Fig. 2 and reappearing in Fig. 3.

The control key 16 is the starting key for the purpose of setting the machine in operation by energizing the counting relays through circuits prepared by locking down of selected of the keys shown in Fig. 1.

Control keys 8| and 86 are of a conventional non-locking contact-closing type and a contact is associated with each oi these keys, one side of which is grounded. The other side of the contact associated with key 8| is connected through a conductor BIB to devices, explained more fully hereinafter, for effecting a zero-setting operation in the amount manifesting device or registers shown in Fig. 4. Contact 86A associated with key 86 is normally closed. The otherside of the contact 86A is connected through a conductor 8613 with devices for grounding those multiplier relays in Fig. 3 that are to be locked up. When it is desired to correct an error arising from the pressing of one or more incorrect multiplier keys, key 86 is pressed whereby contact 86A- is opened and any locked upmultiplier relays are released, as explained more fully hereinafter.

Thus key 8| is a zero-setting key and key 86 is an error correcting key.

Key release and multiplicand relays. Fig. 2 Relays TI and 18 are slow-to-release relays.

' When energized they effect momentary energization of the release magnet 56 (Fig. 1) or they efiect grounding of depressed multiplicand keys of Fig. 1 in a multiplying operation, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

Relay I1 is energized by the closing of contacts as 10 (Fig. 3) on all energizations of the counting relays (Fig. 3) effected in a manner described more fully hereinafter. When energized, relay TI opens contact 1113 and closes contact "A whereby ground is applied to relay 18 which then energizes and closes contact 18A. Contact 18A prepares a circuit to contacts 19A and i913. If relay [9 is deenergized a circuit is prepared through contact 1913 and conductor F to magnet 56. Relay TI is deenergized by opening of contacts as 10 upon release of the counting relays and when relay TI releases, contact 1TB closes and grounds, wherefor release magnet 55 is energized through the circuit including contacts 18A and 193. The releaseoi relay Tl opens contact HA which deenergizes relay l8 and when this relay subsequently releases, contact 18A is opened whereupon magnet 56 is deenergized. Hence magnet 56 is only momentarily energized.

Relay 79 is for the purpose of shifting the circuit prepared by contact 18A from the release magnet 56 to grounding conductor 16A in a mul tiplying operation. Relay 19 is energized. as will be more fully explained hereinafter, through conductor and contacts as IBX (Fig. 3) of the multiplier relays until during the last operation of a multiplying operation. When energized, relay 19 closes contact 19A and opens contact 1913. The opening of contact 1913 breaks the circuit to the release magnet 56. The closing of contact 19A prepares a circuit for momentarily grounding the contacts associated with locked down keys in Fig. 1 in each round of a multiplying operation. Relay 19 releases near the end of a multiplying operation whereupon contact 19A is opened and contact 1913 is closed so that the release magnet 56 will be energized upon completion of the multiplying operation whereby locked down keys in Fig. i will be released at the end of the operation.

'contactsassociated with depressed keys of Fig. 1

- ing relays also includes a cut-off and a stepping Counting or multiplicand and multiplier relays. Fig. 3

Two sets of relays are shown in Fig. 3; the upper set consisting of the upper three groups are the counting or multiplicand relays. They take up the setting of the keys of Fig. 1 and, in a manner to be explained, effect registration of this setting in the amount manifesting device (Fig. 4). The lower'three groups are the multiplier relays. They are set up by the multiplier keys of Fig. 2 and effect repeated grounding of relay.

Each relay in the lower row of the three groups of counting relays as 3, 21, 29 and 3| has three windings as 3A, 3D and 3E. A conductor leads from the middle winding of each of these relays to a contact associated with a like positioned key in Fig. 1. For example, a conductor 5IB leads from the middle winding 3D of the relay 3 for the digit 4 of the units order of counting relays to the contact 5IA associated with the key 5| (Fig. 1) for the digit 4 in the units order row of keys in Fig. 1.- When the key 5| is depressed, the contact associated therewith is closed and the winding 3D is prepared for energization. This energization is momentary and is effected either by pressing key 16 or closing of contact 'I'IB when contacts 18A and 19A are closed. Relay 3 once energized locks up through winding 3E, contact 3C, conductor 9E and contact 9A of stepping relay 9 so long as contact 9A is closed, that is to say, so long as stepping relay 9 is deenergized. Other relays in the lower rows of the three groups of counting relays are similarly prepared for energization by the depression of the correspondingly positioned key in Fig. 1 and are locked up by depression of starting key 16 or grounding of conductor 16A from contact 1TB as above described.

When a relay in the lowermost row of the three groups of counting relays is energized and locked up, its mate positioned immediately thereabove, and the pairs of counting relays in the same group and of l ss numerical value are also energized and locked up. Thus when relay 3 for the digit 4 in theunits order is energized and locked up its mate 5 is energized through contact 33 which is closed when relay 3 energizes. Energization of relay 5 closes contact 50 which energizes relay 2'! through winding 21A. This closes contact 213 whereby relay 28 is energized and in like manner the remaining relays in this group of counting relays and of less numerical value than the first energized relay in the group are energized and locked up.

Energization of relays in the upper rows of counting relays, as relays 5 and 28, closes contacts as 58 thereof. This prepares a circuit through conductor 9F to contact 913 of stepping relay 9 for a purpose to be explained presently.

The cut-off relay 1 is in addition to the pairs of counting relays. The relay I energizes when the 4 upper relay 32 for the digit,1 in the units order of counting relays is energized, energization of relay 32 closing contact 32C whereby relay I is energized through its'winding IE. Energization of relay I closes contact IA to aflord a stick or holding circuit through conductor 9E and contact 9A whenever relay 9 is deenergized.

Energization of relay I also closes contact IC whereby through conductor 1IC relay I1 is energized and closing of this contact also energizes relay I6 or similar. relays I5 and 36 in a multiplying operation,'for a purpose to be explained. Relay I6 or similar relays I5 and 36, as will be explained more fully hereinafter, are for the purpose of releasing pair by pair the associated locked up multiplier relays.

Energization of relay I also closes contact B, after the closing of contact 1C, whereby a circuit is closed through conductor 90, relay 9, conductor 9D to the clutch I03A of the wheel unit' of the manifesting device that includes the number wheel I03, this being the wheel unit for the units order. This circuit will be explained more fully hereinafter. Such closing of contact IB energizes relay 9 whereby contact 9B is closed and contact 9A is' opened with a make-before-break effect for a purpose explained more fully hereinafter. 1

Relay I deenergizes during the entry of the last digit on the number wheel I03, as will be ex plained more fully hereinafter, with the effect of stopping this number wheel when the entry of the digit has been completed, this being effected by opening of contact 13 upon deenergization of relay I. Contact IC also opens upon deenergization of relay 1 to deenergize relays such as l6 and relay -II.

Relay 1 also includes a contact ID which is in circuit with the contact 26A of slow-to-release relay 26 and contact ID closes upon release of.

relay I, whereby if similar contacts of the other cut-off relays are closed and the. slow-to-release relay 26 is released, circuit is closed through the contact 26A to effect a carry-over operation explained more fully hereinafter. Relay I is the last in a chain of counting relays to release and therefore contact ID does not close until all of the counting relays in the chain have been released and consequently a carry-over operation cannot be efiected until all of the counting relays have been released.

Relay I is energized initially through contact 320 of the upper relay of the No. 1 pair of counti'ng relays and is held energized through this contact as long as this relay is energized, but upon deenergization of relay 32 control of relay 1 passes to contact 9A through contact IA.-

The cut-off relay I for the units order of the counting relays has been described in detail and it is to be understood that similar cut-off relays are associated with the counting relays for the tens and hundreds order and that these cut-off relays control energization and deenergization of the clutches of the number wheel units for the tens and hundreds orders. If counting relays for additional orders were provided as for thousands, etc., similar cut-01f relays for the counting relays for these orders would be provided.

A stepping relay is associated with the counting relays for each order as 35 for the hundreds order, I for the tens order and 9 for the units order. These relays are for the purpose of releasing a pair of counting relays for each digit advance of the number wheel of the connected number wheel unit. They are energized through a contact as 1B on the associated cut-off relays as I as before described and are deenergized and reenergized by the movement of a shunting wheel as I03D of the number wheel, unit for the particular order as the number wheel of the unit moves from digit to digit. Shunting wheels as I031) close and open shunting contacts as I03E during each digit advance of the associated number wheel.

Referring particularly to the stepping relay 9 which is typical of all the stepping relays, it is provided with, as before indicated, make-beforebreak contacts SA-and 9B. Referring also to the heretofore described energization of relay 3 and associated relays of lower value the first energization of relay 9 by the closing of contact 13 closes contact 93 and opens contact 9A. Opening of contact 9A frees conductor SE from ground whereupon relay 3 is released through contact 30. Contact 93 grounded conductor 9F before ground was removed from conductor 9E. As explained, contact 53 of relay 5 is connected to conductor 9F and prepares a stick or holding circuit through winding 5A of relay 5. Hence when conductor 9F is grounded relay 5 is held energized through contact 913 notwithstanding the deenergization of relay 3 and opening of contact 33.

During the entry of the first digit on the number wheel I03 the shunting wheel I03D closes contact I03E whereby, as will be explained more iully hereinafter, conductor 9D is grounded, deenergizing relay 9, closing contact 9A before the opening of contact 93. Closing of contact 9A causes relay 21 to be held energized through its left hand winding as viewed in Fig. 3 and its contact 210 which is connected to conductor 913 that is' grounded when contact 9A closes. Thus when contact 93 opens upon deenergization. of relay 9 and conductor 9F is freed from ground and relay 5 deenergized but relay 21 remains energized through its contact 210.

Prior to the time the first digit is entered on the number wheel I03, shunting wheel.I03D opens contact-I031?! freeing conductor 9D from ground whereupon relay 9 reenergizes closing contact 913 and opening contact 9A whereby relay 21 is released, but its mate relay 28 remains energized through contact 93 in the same way as relay 5 remained energized subsequent to the release of relay 3. Relay 28 remains energized until co'n. ductor 9D is grounded at a time during the entry of the second digit on the number wheel I03 corresponding to the time during the entry of the first digit when shunting wheel I03D closed contact I03E grounding conductor 9D. This grounding of conductor 9D during the entry of' the second digit has the effect of releasing relay and holding relay 29 in the same manner as that in which the prior deenergization of relay 9 released relay 5 and held relay 21. Prior to the time the entry of the second digit on the number wheel I03 is completed the shunting wheel I03D opens contact I03E whereby relay 29 is released but relay 30 is held.

The foregoing operation'continues releasing. the counting relays in the manner described until during the entry of the last or fourth digit on the number wheel I03,.when the shunting wheel I03D closes the contact I03E with the effect of releasing relay 32. This, however, does not release the cut-off relay 1 which. is held through the closed contact 9A. However, just prior to the time the entry of the last digit .on the number wheel I03 is completed the shunting wheel I03D opens contact I03E freeing conductor 9D from ground whereupon relay 9 reenergizes. This opens contact 9A whereupon relay 1 releases and then relay!) and clutch 103A release. This releasing of the clutch occurs at the time the entry of the last digit on the number wheel'lll3 is completed.

In the manner above described the counting relays for the tens and hundreds and additional orders cause digits to be entered on. the number wheel for these orders.

Thus since pairs of counting or multiplicand relays corresponding in number to the number to be entered in a particular order are locked up and as these pairs of relays are successively released in declining sequence as the digits are entered on the number Wheel for the order in ascending sequence, and as the release of the upper relay of the last or lowermost pair of counting or multiplicand relays is immediately followed by the release of the cut-off relay for the order during the entry of the last digit and as this is immedi-.

ately followed by the release of the clutch of the number wheel for the particular order, which occurs when the last digit is fully entered on the number wheel, it is clear that a digit corresponding to the number of locked up pairs of counting or multiplicand relays in a particular order is entered on the number wheel for the order.

The multiplier'relays are arranged and act in the same manner as the counting relays except that they are not provided with cut-off'relays and the relays l6, I5 and 36 at the left hand end of the chains thereof serve as stepping relays. Furthermore, the upper relay of the No. 1 pair of relays for each order, as H, is provided with special contacts as B, l IX and HD and all multiplier relays have but two windings.

The multiplier relays are energized by momentarily closing the contacts associated with the multiplier keys shown in Fig. 2 which is effected by momentarily depressing one of the keys. There is a key for each pair of multiplier relays and, as with the keys of Fig. 1 and the counting relays, the contact associated with each multiplier key in Fig. 2 is respectively connected to a correspondingly positioned relay in the groups of multiplier relays of Fig.3.

One side of the contact 84A associated with the key 84 has a wire 843 connected thereto and the wire 84B and similar wires from the contacts associated with the contacts of the other multiplier keys are wound in a cable 85 which terminates in Fig. 2 but reappears in Fig. 3. The wire 843, as shown in Fig. 3, is connected to the right hand winding of the relay l4,.the lowermost relay of the pair of relays for the digit 3 in the units order. Thus when key 84 is depressed relay I4 is energized and as with the counting relays this efiects energization of the relay 2| the other relay of the No. 3 pair of multiplier relays. Energization of relay 2| in turn effects energization of relay 22 which in turn effects energization of relay 23, and this in turn effects energization of relay 24 which in turn effects energization of relay l8. As the foregoing relays energize they are locked up through stick or holding circuits controlled by make-beforebreak contacts ISA and H53 associated with the relay l6. Thus when a-pair of multiplier relays is energized all relays of lower value in the same order are also energized.

The foregoing specific description particularly relates to the multiplier relays for the units order 1 but the multiplier relays for the tens and hundreds orders, and any additional orders if provided for, are arranged and operated in like manner.

The lowermost group of multiplier relays is for the units order, the middle group for the tens order and the upper group for the hundreds. These relays become effective one group at a time, the units first. Each group of multiplier relays includes a control relay as [6 for the units, l5 for the tens and 3G for the hundreds. Relays as l6 are prepared for energization by the closing of contacts as [83 upon the energization of relays as l8 which are the last of the group to deenergize. Relays as I6 are energized from contacts as 10 through conductors I 8F and I9 and contacts as 183, for relay I6, when relays as I 8 are energized. Relays as l5 are energized from contacts as 10, through conductors I8F and I9 and contacts as I8C and conductors as HF when relays as I8 are deenergized. The control relays are energized by the first of contacts as 1C to close and are deenergized by the last. of contacts as 76 to open. This energization and deenergization is effected once for each time a number set up in the multiplicand relays by the multiplicand-keys of Fig. 1 is to be entered in the manifesting device, that is to say, on the number wheels and this eiTects a multiplying operation.

The multiplier relays are released by makebefore-break contacts as I'6A and IE3 and they release a pair at a time foreach digit in the multiplier in the manner above described for the counting relays,'relays as l6 functioning in the manner of stepping relays as 9.

Thus if a number has been set up in the multiplicand relays and if, for example, this number is to be multiplied by 3, the key 84 is depressed energizing the relay I4 and its mate and all other relays in the group of lower numerical value in the units order of the multiplier relays. When the first entry of the number set up in the counting relays is completed the relays I 4 and 2| will have been released; when the second entry of the number set up in the counting relays is completed the relays 22 and 23 will have been released; when the third or final entry of the number is completed the relays 24 and I8 will have been released.

The multiplier relays in the other orders and the multiplier relays for orders higher than the units order operate in a similar manner and it will thus be seen that a number set up in the counting relays is entered as many times for each order as there are multiplier relays locked up for that particular order. When the last or No. 1 pair of multiplier relays for any particular order release. as the relay l8, the contact thereof as I 8B is opened which disables the relay as l6 for this order.

Releasing of relay l8 for the units order closes contact I8C which transfers the circuit from contacts as 70 and conductor I8F to conductor HF and contact "B to the control relay I 5 for the tens order. Thus the control relay for the tens order will not be energized until the control relay for the units order is deenergized for contact IBC does not close until relay l8 releases and this opens contact I8B which disables relay I6. Therefore all multiplication by multiplier relays to be efl'ected in the units order is completed before multiplication by multiplier relays in the tens order is begun, and this is also true insofar as the tens and hundreds and any higher orders are concerned, that is to say, multiplication under control of the multiplier relays ofa lower order 'is always completed before multiplication under control of the multiplier relays for a higher order is begun.

In event there is to be no multiplication under control of multiplier relays for the units order contact I8B will be opened and the circuit will be immediately closedthrough contact I80 to thetens order and so on from the tens order to the hundreds order and for any higher orders. Moreover, if multiplication is to be effected, for ex-- ample, first under control of multiplier relays for the units order and next by multiplier relays for the hundreds order as when no multiplier relays for the tens order are locked up, the contact I'IB will be opened and the contact "C will be closed so that when the contact I8B opens and the con-.

tact I8C closes circuit will be immediately transferred to the hundreds order.

The energization of relays as I8 closes contacts as I8X whereupon relay I9 is energized by reason of the grounding of conductor 19C. En-

ergization of relay I9 closes contact 19A and opens contact 193 which, as stated, breaks cir- ,cuit to the releasing magnet 56 and prepares a circuit for momentarily grounding conductor 16A order having multiplier relays locked'up therein deenergizes the relay I9 releases, closing contact 19B. 'Slow-to-release relays." and I8. will be energized at this time but when relay TI releases contact IIB closes grounding contactsIBA and 19B and conductor 80F toenergize release magnet 56 whereupon locked down keys of Fig. 1 are released. Relay 18 next releases to open contact 18A whereby magnet 56 is deenergized.

When relays as I8 release, contacts as I8D ground conductors as I'BE (Fig.3) and conductor I8E (Fig. 4), contact II I, wiper IIZ, conductor II2A and relay I'I, battery being subsequently supplied to this relay through conductor I0'ID (Fig. 4),. conductor I0ID (Fig. 3), and-contacts as ISO associated with control relays for the tens and higher orders. Therefore closing of contacts as IC energizes relay I01 which has the effect of setting shaft I I4 of the order switching mechanism in motion by grounding of clutch I I3 from contact I0IA, as explained more fully hereinafter. The effect of movement of the shaft IN is to shift wipers as I I2 to advance the multiplying action to a higher order as is also explained more fully hereinafter.

Relays I6, I5 andv 36 have contacts as I6D which control energization of the carry-over control slow-to-release relay 16, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

Order switching mechanism. Fig. 4

In Fig. 4 I have conventionally illustrated a I01 in a multiplying operation and under control of cam IHB, contact I28, conductorI28A and contact I08G of zero-setting relay I08 in a zerosetting operation. In each movement of shaft III to shift wipers as H! from one contact to the next higher contact, the toothed wheel IIIC closes contact II4A to energize slow-to-release relay I06. -Energization of relay I06 prevents energization of clutches as I03A during move- .ment of theshaft Ill inasmuch as circuit to battery through contact I01B' is opened by the energization of relay I06 opening contact I06A. Shaft H4 carries a'wiper II2 for setting up .one leg of a circuit to advance the shaft from one step to the next and it also carries wipers H5, H6 and III for advancing the operating circuits of the multiplicand relays to higher orders in a multiplying operation. Each wiper has access to three contacts in the present instance, where number wheels are provided in the manifesting device for three orders of numbers and a greater orless number of contacts would be provided for cooperation with the wipers depending upon the number of number wheels provided. These contacts are so wired that wiper I I5 in its first or normal position is connected through contact IN, and conductor IOIA to clutch I03A of the number wheel for the units order; in its second position through contact H8, and conductor I02A to clutch IMA of the number wheel for the tens order; and in its third position through a contact and conductor with the clutch I05A of the hundreds order.

When the wiper H5 is connected to the clutch I03A of the units order, the wiper H6 is connected to the clutch- IMA for the tens order and the wiper I" to the clutch I05A for the hundreds order. These wipers remain in these normal positions for a multiplication effected by lockedup multiplier vrel'aysin the units order and. during addition; When, however, multiplication is to be effected by locked up multiplier relays in the tens order, the wipers engage the second contacts and similarly the wipers engage the third contacts. when .multiplication is to be effected by locked up multiplier relays in the hundreds order and if additional orders were provided for, the wipers would successively advance in this manner.

Wiper IIZ controlsshifting of the shaft Ill and the contacts III, 'IIIA, etc .".with which it cooperates are so sized that wiper I I2 makes contact with contact IIIA before its engagement with contact III-is broken and so on as it progresses upwardly through the various orders. This is for the purpose of insuring a'full step of the shaft II on--each movement and it also provides for movement of the shaft through the tens order without stopping in event no mu1tiplier relays in the tens order are locked up but multiplier relays in the units order and hundreds order are locked up. When this condition occurs the contact IIIA willbe grounded as well as the contact III and hence the relay I01 will remain energized with the effect of keeping contact IIIlA closed which holds ground on the clutch II3 to maintain energization thereof. Similarly if a thousands order were provided for, the wiper II2 would continue on through the hundreds order in event no multiplication was to be performed under control of multiplier relays locked up in the hundreds order and this would be equally true of other higher orders if provision were made therefor.

. tacts as I030 which cooperate therewith are Zero-setting mechanism. Fig. 4

Relay I08 'is the zero-setting relay. It is energized by momentary depression of key 8| (Fig. 2) which results in closing contact BIA to supply ground through the left hand winding of relay I08A of relay I08. Once energized relay I08 remains energized through winding I083, contact I08C, contact IMF, and zero-setting contacts as I030. The zero-setting contacts as I030 are under control of zero-setting wheels as I03B associated with each number wheel unit. So long as any number wheel is oil? its zero position the zero-setting wheel of the unit maintains the zero-setting contact associated therewith closed and conversely when each number wheel reaches zero the zero-setting wheel associated therewith permits opening of its zero-setting contact. Thus when the last number wheel attains zero position the last of the zero-setting contacts is opened which frees winding I08B of battery and this results in releasing of relay I08.

Relay I08 includes a contact I08H which is opened when relay I08 is energized and this prevents grounding of contacts as I03G, during a zero-setting operation, the purpose of which will be explained more fully hereinafter.

When relay I08 is energized ground is applied to the clutches of the number wheel units which thereupon energize, if'the number wheel thereof is off zero position, and this returns the number wheels to zero position, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

Number wheel units. Fig. 4

.Heretofore reference has been made to the number wheel units which together constitute the amount manifesting device, that is to say, the results of computations are registered on these wheels.

Each wheel unit is made up of a number wheel as, I03, a. zero-setting wheel as I033 with which contacts as I03C cooperate, a shunting wheel as I 03D with which contacts as I03E cooperate, a carry-over contact closing wheel as I 03F with which contacts as I03G cooperate, and a clutch as I03A. The several wheels of each unit and the female portion of the clutch are rotatably mounted on the shaft I32; the male portion of the clutch is attached to the shaft; and the magnetic field of the clutch is stationary. When the field is energized the male and female portions are engaged whereby the wheel unit is connected to and rotates with the shaft I32.

The zero-setting wheels as I03B and the coneffec-tive in a zero-setting operation. .The wheel has a drop therein at zero position and a dwell on opposite sides of the drop or notch so that as long as the number wheel is offzero position the rider of the associated contact is disposed out of the notch whereby the contact is closed. When, however, the wheel attains zero position the rider passes into the notch and the contact is opened which breaks a circuit to the clutch and stops the wheel unit in zero position.

The shunting wheels as I 03D are equipped with a lobe between each digit position of the associated number wheel. A rider on the contacts as I03E, which cooperate with these wheels,

rides up and down on each lobe during each digit advance of the number wheel whereby the contacts as I03E are closed and opened for each digit advance of the associated number wheel.

The contacts I03E close to shunt out stepping relays as 9 on each digital movement of the associated number wheel. These contacts are grounded through contact I08H when the zerosetting relay I08 is deenergized. Since contact I08H is open during a zero-setting operation closing and opening of contacts as I03E during suchv an operation is without effect. These contacts shunt out the stepping relays as 9 by grounding conductors as 9D. The conductors as 9D are the battery conductors for the stepping relays as 9, ground for these relays being found at the contacts as IB of the cut-off relays. Thus, when contacts I03E open shortly after the closing thereof battery is again supplied to stepping relays as .9.

Referring particularly to the stepping relay for the units order of counting relays which is typical of all other stepping relays and circuits thereof, relay 9 is grounded through conductor 90 and contact 'IB upon closing of said contact 113. Battery is supplied to said relay through conductor 9D, wiper II5, contact IOI, conductor IOIA, clutch I03A, conductor I06B, which is common to all of the clutches associated with the number wheel units of the manifesting device. Conductor IOBB leads to contact IUBA of relay E06 which in turn is connected with contact I0'IB of relay I01, which contact N13 is closed as long as relay IN is deenergized and it is connected to battery.

Contacts as I03E are connected to conductors as I0 IA intermediate contacts as IOI and clutches as I03A. Therefore when contacts as I03E are closed, ground is maintained on the clutch 103A which therefore remains energized but the effect of closing contact I03A is to shunt out battery to stepping relay as 9 inasmuch as two grounds and no battery are applied to this relay. Hence it is the closing and opening of contacts as I03E which effects the alternate deenergizatlon and energization of stepping relays as 9 during the time a number set up in the counting relays is being registered on the number wheels, these contacts effecting this alternate deenergization and energization of the stepping relays as 9 in the manner and at the time heretofore explained.

Each wheel unit includes a carry-over contactclosing wheel as I03F which is equipped with a lobe I03J engageable with a rider of contacts as I03G. These lobes are positioned to effect closing of contacts as I03G during passage of a number wheel from 9 to 0 during advance thereof in a registering operation which is indicative that, during addition or multiplication, a carryover is to be made to the next higher order. Closing of contacts as I03G-energizes relays as I09 and H0 for the purpose of entering a carry in the carry-over device, as explained more fully hereinafter, whenever a carry-over is required.

Contacts I03G and IMG associated with the carry-over contact-closing wheels of the wheel units for units and tens orders are grounded through contact [08H as long as relay I08 is deenergized. Thus whenever the contact IO0H is' closed and lobes as I03J close contacts as I03G, relays I09 and H0 are grounded whereupon they energize. Relays I33 and I34 are respectively identical with the relays I09 and H0 and are energized upon closing of the contact l04G. Contact I08H is open during a zero-setting operation and therefore closing of contact l03G or I04G during a zero-setting operation is without effect.

Associated with the number wheel units for those orders into which a carry-over may be made are carry-over entering devices. In the provided which are identical respectively with the gears I23 and I22.

present arrangement where the lowest order represented is units and tens and hundreds orders are also provided for, a carry-over may be required from units to tens or from tens to nun-- dreds. Thus a gear I23 .is rigidly connected to the number wheel I04 and this gear meshes with a gear I22 rotatable on the shaft I21 and connected to part I22A of clutch I2IA, which part is rotatable on shaft I21.

A shunting wheel I2I is connected to the part I2IB ofclutch I2I.A and this part and wheel are rotatable on shaft I21. The shunting wheel I2I is similar to the shunting wheel as I03D and is equipped with a lobe between each digit position of the number wheel I04. The gears I22 and I23 have a one-to-one ratio whereby the shunting wheel I2I moves in synchronism with the number wheel I04. Clutch I 2IA also includes a part I22B fast on shaft I21. When clutch I2IA is energized, parts I2IB and I22A areconnected with part I22B whereby the gear I22 and shunting wheel I 2I rotate with shaft I21. Shafts I21 and I32 operate synchronously so that rotation of shaft I21 is in direct timed relation with rotation of shaft I32. The manner in which the unit including shunting wheel I2I operates is explained more fully hereinafter.

A carry-over entering device identical with that just described is associated with the wheel unit for the hundreds order, gears I26 and I25 being A shuntingwheel I24 is provided which is identical with the shunting wheel I2I, and clutch I24A includes three parts that are connected to the elements of the unit in the manner in which the three parts of clutch I2IA are connected to the elements of that unit. Identical carry-over entering devices would be provided for any higher orders provided for in the device.

Carry-over relays. Fig. 5

The relays shown in Fig. 5 are for the purpose of effecting a carry-over from one order to the next higher order. Two groups of relays are provided, each consisting of two rows of relaysone relay in each row constituting one of a pair relays whereby each group is capable of accumulating three carries and if more carries need be provided for it is only necessary to provide additional pairs of relays in each group and such additional pairs would be connected in the circult in the manner in which the various illustrated pairs are connected, that is to say, such additional pairs of relays would merely be a duplication of those illustrated.

Carries, are taken up for the respective orders cumulatively. Thus in a multiplying operation more than one carry from the units order to the tens order may be required and the first carry locks up the first pair of relays, the second, carry locks up the second pair of relays and so on, and this is also true of carries from the tens order into the hundreds order.

A carry entered in the carry-over relays is stored therein until the end of the operation during which the carry is entered in the relays and this is effected by locking up the pair of 'r'elays in which a carry is entered.

If during an operation wheel I03 passes from 9 to 0 the lobe I 03.1 on wheel I 03F closes contact I03G whereby ground is, momentarily applied to relays I09 and H0 which thereupon energize. The energization of relay I09 closes con-,

tact I09A. Contact IIOA, however, is also open at this time but 'relay I I0 deenergizes as soon as contact I03G opens. However, relay I09 remains energized since it is a slow-to-release relay. Thus when' contact IIOA closes, conductor I09D is grounded through contacts I09A and 0A. This grounds winding I5IA of relay I5I whereupon relay I5I energizes if this is the first time conductor I09D is grounded in a particular computation. Energization of relay I 5| closes contact I5IC whereby ground is supplied to winding I5ID of relay I5I, thus providing a stick or holding circuit which maintains relay I5I energized. Relay I09 releases opening contact I09A and closing contact I09B. This does not release relay I5I, however, since the winding I5ID thereof is energized.

Energization of relay I5I closes contact I5IB whereupon a circuit is prepared through winding I53H of relay I53. Contact I5IB is grounded. Contact I09B is connected to battery. Therefore when contact I09B closes relay I53 is energized through its winding I53H. Energization of relay I53 closes contact I53F which is in circuit with the left hand winding of relay I53 that is also connected to grounded contact I5IB. Contact I53F is connected to battery. Thus upon energization of relay I53 and closing of con tact I531 a stick or holding circuit is provided for relay I53 so that if contact I09B is subseqently opened this relay is not released so long as relay I55 is energized.

Energization of relay I53 also 'closes contact I 53K in circuit with contact I55B of stepping relay I55. The stepping relay I55 includes make-before-break contacts I'55A and I 553. It will be recalled that, relay I5I is locked up through contact I55A. Thus upon energization of relay -I55 contact I55A will be opened and contact I 553 will be closed before contact I 55A opens. Therefore, even though contact I55B opens relay I53 will not release since it will'be locked up through the right hand winding thereof which is in circuit with contact I53K that will at this time be grounded through contact I55B.

Energization of relay I53 closes contact I53G whereupon cut-off relay l58 is energized through its left hand winding, closing contact I58A thereof which is in circuit with contact I55A of stepping relay I55, the utility of which will be ex-- plained more fully hereinafter.

The energization of relay I53 also closes contact I53J whereby the left hand winding of relay I51 is connected to battery. This contact I 53J was open when conductor I09D was grounded in the preceding operation and therefore relay I51 did not lock up at the time relay I5I locked up. However, if in this particular computation contact 103G again closes energizing relays I09 and H0, conductor I09D will again be grounded whereupon relay I 51 will be energized which, in the same manner as that in which the energization of relay I5'I effected energization of its mate I53, will eifect energization of relay I60, the mate of relay I 51. Energization of relay I60 will prepare the third relay in the lower row of the lower group of carryover relays for energization should the contact I03G be closed for a third time in this particular computation and if additional relays were provided in the group this progressive preparation for receiving energization would proceed in the manner above, described.

The relays in the upper group of carry-over relays are progressively locked up.in the same manner as the relays in the lower group, these lower relays of the upper group being under control of the relays I33 and I34 which, as stated,

correspond to and which function the same as the relays I09 and H0 and the relays I33 and I34 are energized under control of the contacts I04G of the tens order wheel unit.

Carries entered in the carry-over relays are entered on the number wheel of the amount manifesting device at the end of the computation in which the carries were accumulated in the carry-over relays. In a multiplying operation this is under control of the slow-to-release relay 26 in a manner explained more fully hereinafter. In an adding computation the relay 26 is not energized wherefore the contact 26A thereof remains closed and, in a manner to be explained more fully hereinafter, a carry is effected at the end of the entry of a number during addition, if the entry entails a carry.

The entry of a carry is effected by grounding of the conductor 25. If the contact 26A is closed grounding of conductor 25 is under control of contacts associated with the cut-off relays of the counting relays; namely, the contacts 1D, 8D and 31, and all of these contacts must be closed by the deenergization of all of the cut-off relays of the counting relays before conductor 25 is grounded. Hence since the cut-off relays of the counting relays are not deenergizeduntil all of the counting relays are deenergized a carryover cannot be effected until the counting relays, that is to say, the entry-means, have completed their operation.

When carries are to be entered in the amount manifesting device, it is essential that they be entered progressively. For example, the carry from the units order to the tens order may cause the number wheel for the tens order to pass from 9 to 0 which will close the contact IIHG and lock up another pair of relays in the upper group of carry-over relays. Hence, progressive entry of the carries insures accurate entry thereof.

In order to insure, in adding and in multiplying computations, that the carry-over from a lower order to a higher order will be effected progressively from the lowest to the highest the relay I58 is provided with contacts I58B and I58C. The relay, I58 is energized Whenever a carry has been entered in the lower group of carry-over relays. Such energization of the relay I58 disconnects conductor 25 from contact i580 and connects it with contact I58B. Contact I58C is connected with contact I59B con trolled by the cut-off relay I59 of the next higher order and therefore even though the contact I59B of this higher order is closed a carry-over cannot be effected therefrom until relay I58 deenergizes which will be the last step in effecting a carry from the units to the tens order. An arrangement identical with this would be associated with the cut-off relay for the hundreds order of carry-over relays if provision were made for a carry-over from hundreds to thousands and an identical arrangement would be provided if a carry-over were to be effected into any higher order.

As has been explained, whenever a carry is to be effected from the units order to the tens order the cut-off relay I58 is energized wherefore the conductor 25 is connected to the contact I583. The contact I58B is in series with the stepping relay I55 and the clutch I2IA. Hence when conductor 25 is grounded and contact I58B is closed stepping relay I55 and clutch I2IA are energized.

Energization of clutchl 2 IA sets shunting wheel I2I and gear I22 in motion with shaft I21 and since gear I22 meshes with gear I23 the wheel unit for the tens order is set in motion. Shortly after the shunting wheel I2I is set in motion the shunting contact I2IE associated therewith is closed. This shunting contact is connected to the conductor I2IF which interconnects the relay I55 and clutch IZIA. Closing of contact I2 IE grounds conductor I2IF. This prevents deenergization of clutch I2IA but deenergizes stepping relay I55. The wheel I2I continues to rotate and contact I2IE opens whereupon relay I 55 is reenergized before the entry of a carry is completed. Thus it will be seen that deenergization and reenergization of the stepping relay I55 is under control of the shunting wheel I2I. This deenergization and reenergization of stepping relay I55 has the effect of releasing pair by pair energized carry-over relays in the lower group of such relays.

If, for example, pairs I51 and I60 and I5I and I53 of carry-over relays have been energized and conductor 25 is grounded relay I55 is energized and clutch I2IA is engaged which sets wheel I2I in motion. The energization of relay I55 makes contact I55B and breaks contact I55A with a make-before-break effect. Breaking of contact I55A releases relay I51. However, relay I60 remains energized by reason of the fact that contact I55B is closed. But shortly after the wheel I2I starts to move contact I2IE is grounded. This deenergizes relay I55 whereupon contact I55A is closed before contact I55B is opened. Opening of contact I 55B releases relay I60 but relay I5I remains energized by reason of the fact that contact I55A is closed. However, prior to the time the first carry is entered on the number wheel I04 the contact IZIE opens, reenergizing rclay I55 making contact I55B before contact I55A is opened. Opening of contact I55A releases relay I5I but contact I55B holds relay I 53 energized. 7

Wheels I04 and I2I continue to rotate and shortly after the start of the entry of the second carry on the wheel I04 contact I2 IE closes whereupon relay I55 deenergizes thus making contact I55A before opening contact I55B. When contact I55B opens relay I53 releases. This, however,

does not release cut-off relay I58 which remains.

energized through its right hand winding under control of contact I55A. Shortly before the entry of the second carry is completed, contact I2IE opens reenergizing stepping relay I55, closing contact I55B (without effect) and opening contact I 55A. Openingof contact I55A deenergizes relay I58 which thereupon releases, opening con tact i583 and closing contact I58C. Opening of contact I583 frees relay I55 and clutch I2IA from ground whereupon relay I55 deenergizes and clutch l2IA releases. The clutch releases at the time the entry of the second carry is com- I53 closes contact I530. Therefore, if a carry has been entered in the upper group of carryover relays, contact I59B will be closed whereupon closing of contact I530 will apply ground to stepping relay I53 and clutch 424A through said contact 1593 and this relay and clutch will be energized. Hence the hundreds wheel I05 will be set in motion so that any carry accumulated in the upper group of carry-over relays will i be entered on the hundreds number wheel I05, this being effected under control of the contact I24E in the same manner as that in which the contact I2 IE controls the entry of a carry on the tens number wheel I04.

5 DESCRIPTION or OPEaA'rIo'N Adding and multiplying calculations and carry-overs entailed thereinare described in detail hereinafter and the manner in which subtracting operations may be performed is briefly explained, such calculation in the main entailing reversing the direction of rotation of the number wheels of the result manifesting device.

The following detail descriptions are merely typical examples of calculations and any other numbers within the capacity of the machine could be added or multiplied in the manner hereinafter described.

Addition For the sake of simplicity, the example of adding 34 to 34 is described herein. The first steps in this addition consists in registering 34 and this operation is then repeated to add 34 to the initially entered 34.

in the result manifesting device is to press and lock downthe keys 52 and 5I, the 3 and 4 keys in the tens and units order respectively. Pressing and locking down of key 5I closes contact 5IA associated therewith and pressing and locking down of key 52 closes contact 52A associated therewith. After these keys are pressed down starting key 13 is momentarily depressed grounding conductor 16.4 which grounds conductor 5IB through closed contact 5IA. This energizes relay 3 which thereupon locks up in the manner previously described and which results in looking up its mate, relay 5, and the other pairs of relays of lower value in this group, that is to say, relays 2I, 23, 23, 30, 3I and 32. Energization of relay 32 energizes cut-off relay I.

Grounding of conductor 13A also grounds conductor 523 through closed contact 52A which causes relay 4 to be energized as well as its mate, relay 3, and those pairs of relays of lower value in this chain or group of relays and, as before described, this results in energization of the cutoff relay 3. Thus in the foregoing manner counting relays for 3 in the tens and 4 in the units are locked up. Energization of relay I closes contact 13 grounding conductor 3C energizing relay 3 and engaging clutch I03A. Energization of relay 3 closes contact 33 grounding conductor I which energizes stepping relay I0 and engages clutch I04A.

Engagement of clutches I03A and I04A sets the number wheel units including the number wheels I03 and I04 in motion with shaft I32. As the wheel I04 rotates shunting wheel I04D closes and opens shunting contact I04E whereby the relays 4 and and other relays of less numerical value in this group successively release and-during the entry of the third digit the cut-off relay 3 releases with the result that by the time the entry of the third digit on the wheel I04 has Registerin 34.The first step in registering 34 been compleed the clutch I04A will have released stopping this wheel unit. The shunting wheel I03D moves with the number wheel I03 and successively closes and opens the shunting contact I03E as the digits are entered on the wheel I03 5 with the result that the relays 3, 5, 21, 28, 23, 30, 3I and '32 successively release. During the entry'of the fourth digit and subsequent to the release of relay 32 the cut-off relay "I releases after which the clutch I03 releases. The wheel I03 continues movement after the wheel I04 has stopped since four digits are entered on this wheel whereas only three are entered on the wheel I04.

When the wheels I04 and I03 cease movement they register 34.

When cut-off relays l and 3 energized, contacts 1C andJC closed grounding conductor IIC whereupon relay 11 was energized which resulted in closing contact "A whereupon relay 18 was energized.

When the last of the cut-off relays for the counting relays deenergizes, in this instance relay I,the contact as 'IC opens and since contact 30 has previously opened conductor "C is freed from ground whereupon slow-to-release relay I1 is deenergized and starts to release. When relay I1 releases contact "A is opened and contact 113 is closed. Opening of contact "A starts the release of slow-to-release relay I3. However at the time contact 113 closes relay I3 is still energized. Therefore ground is applied to magnet 53 from contact 113 through closed contacts 18A and 13B and conductor 30F. Subsequently slowto-release relay I3 releases opening contact 13A freeing magnet 53 from ground which thereupon deenergizes. Energization of magnet 53 releases locked down keys 52 and 5| and upon release of this magnet the machine is ready for a second operation particularly since all relays will also be released.

Adding 34 to 34.-Wheels I04 and I03 now register 34 and since 34 is to be added to 34 keys 52 and ii are again depressed and locked down and starting key 13 is again momentarily depressed and the above described operation is repeated. At the end of this second operation the wheels I04 and I03 register 68, the sum of 34 plus 34.

Zero-setting operation.-'-Since the desired addition has now been completed it is now desirable to return the number wheels to zero. Hence zero-setting key 3I is momentarily pressed which grounds conductor 3IB' whereupon zero-setting relay I03 is energized opening contact I03H but closing the other contacts of this relay. Opening of contact I03H- prevents grounding of contacts I03E and N36: and like contacts'of other number wheel units so that these contacts will not eflect operations during a zero-setting operation even if they are closed during such an opso 'eration.

Relay I03 locks up through winding I03B, contacts I03C and IMF. If wheel I03, forexample, is of! zero position circuit will be closed through contact I034! whereby clutch 103A is grounded and energized which sets the wheel unit including number wheel I03 in motion. This same condition prevails for the other wheel units which are of! zero position and hence clutch I04Awil1 be energized and the wheel unit including the 0 number wheel I04 will be set in'motion. Inas- ,much as the wheel unit including the number wheel I05 is inzeroiposition the zero-setting contact thereof will be open and therefore clutch I05A will not be energized. Battery is supplied to the clutches I03A and I04A throughconductor I06B, contact IDEA and contact I0IB. When the wheels I03 and I04 attain zero position the riders of contacts I03C and I040 enter the notches in wheels I03B and I043, respectively, whereupon these contacts open and when the contact for a particular wheel unit opens the clutch of this wheel unit is deenergized whereupon the wheel stops. Thus when both the contacts I03C and I040 open the wheel units including the number wheels I03 and I04 stand at zero along with the wheel unit including the number wheel I05. When the last of the zero-setting contacts as I03C opens contacts I081 and I080 are freed from battery whereupon winding I08B of relay I08 is deenergized and relay I00 releases.

Carry-over in addition- 1 have explained how 68 is entered in the amount manifesting device as the result of adding 34 to 34. If, after 68 has been entered on the wheels I03 and I04, 34- is to be added to this amount the resulting sum will be 102. In this operation a carry from the units order into the tens and a carry from the tens order into the hundreds order are required.

Assuming therefore that 68 appears on the number wheels I04 and I03 and that the keys 52 and M are again depressed and locked down and that the starting key "I6 is again momentarily depressed, the counting relays will again effect entry of 34 on the numberwheels I 04 and I03, that is to say, four additional digits will be entered on the units wheel I03 and three additional units will be entered on the wheel. I04 for the tens. Thus at the end of this entry from the counting relays the wheels I04 and I03 will respectively register 9 and 2. 92, however, is not the sum of 68 plus 34.

In this operation the number wheel I03 passed from 9 to 0 in moving from 8 to 2. As the number wheel passed from 9 to 0 the lobe I03J on carry-over contact-closing wheel i031 closed carry-over contact I03G whereupon relays I09 and II 0 were energized which energized relays I5I and I53 and hence a carry was entered in the carry-over relays.

When the cut-off relay I deenergizes, which is the last of the cut-off relays for the counting relays to energize, contact ID is closed. Contact 8D and contact 31 were already closed. Therefore this closing of contact ID grounds conductor 25 inasmuch as relay 26 is not energized and. contact 26A thereof is closed. Energization of relays I5I and I53 energized relay I58. Therefore conductor 25 is connected to contact I58B and hence when conductor 25 grounded, stepping relay I55 and clutch I2IA are energized. Energization of clutch I2I sets the wheel unit including the number wheel I04 in motion.

The energization of relay I55 released relay I5I. In the movement of wheel I04 under control of clutch I2IA shunting wheel I2l closes contact I2IE whereupon, as previously described, relay I53 is released and subsequently contact I2IE opens, releasing relay I58 and opening contact I58B whereupon clutch I2IA is deenergized. This occurs at the time the wheel I04 registers zero which results from entering 1 on the tens wheel, which already registered 9, under control of the carry-over relays.

Since wheel I04 now registers zero it passed from 9 to O in this carry-over operation. This resulted in the closing of contact I04G and the energization of relays I52 and I54 and also in the energization of cut-off relay I59. Hence number wheel I05. When the entry of the digit 1 on the number wheel I05 is completed, clutch I24A will be released and prior to this relay I59 will have released.

The wheels I05, I04 and I03 will now register 102, the sum of 68 plus 34.,

Multiplication As an example the multiplying of 68 times 13 is described herein but it is to be understood that this is merely exemplary of multiplications that may be performed in the machine.

Preparation for multiplication.As thefirststep in the multiplication of 68 times 13 multiplicand keys 51 and 58, the 6 and 8 keys in the tens and units orders, respectively, are pressed and locked down and thereby circuits are prepared but not closed to the counting or multiplicand relays It and I2 for 6 and. 8 in the tens and units orders, respectively, of the counting or multiplicand relays.

Keys 83 and 84 for 1 and 3. respectively, in the tens and units orders of the multiplier keys are momentarily pressed. Pressing of key 83 closes contact 83A grounding conductor 83B IPig. 2), 83B (Fig. 3), which energizes relay I3 through its right hand winding. Energization of relay I3 closes the left hand contact thereof whereby relay I3 is locked up under control of contact I5A through conductor 86B and normally closed contact 86A.

Energization of relay I3 also clmes the right hand contact thereof whereupon its mate. relay If, is energized through the left hand winding thereof which closes contact IIB thereof to prepare, but not close, a circuit to control relay i5.

Energization of relay I'I also closes the right hand contact thereof whereby a circuit is prepared through the right hand winding to contact I5B, which contact is grounded through conductor 86B and contact 86A.

Pressing of key 84 closes contact 84A grounding conductor 04B whereby relay I4 is energized through its right hand winding. Energization of relay I4 closes the left hand contact thereof whereby a stick or holding circuit under control of contact ISA is closed through conductor 86B and contact 86A.

Energization of relay I4 also closes the right hand contact thereof whereby its mate, relay 2I, is energized and upon energization of this relay a circuit is prepared to contact I BE through the right hand contact of this relay. Energization of relay 2I also closes the left hand contact thereofwhereby relay 22 is energized through its right hand winding. This closes a stick or holding circuit under control of contact ISA through the left hand winding of relay 22 and the mate of 22, relay 23, is energized as was relay 2| by the energization of relay I4. In like manner energization of relays 24 and I8 is effected.

Energization of relay I8 closes contact I83 and opens contact I8C whereby circuit to contact HE is opened and a circuit is prepared, but not closed, to relay I6.

Inasmuch as both the relays I3 and I4 immediately lock up through stick or holding circuits 2,176,984 it is only necessary to momentarily depress the multiplier keys as 83 and 84, I

Error correction-If one or more of the multiplier keys is incorrectly depressed so that a wrong multiplier is set up, error key 88 is-pressed whereby contact 86A is opened. This frees contacts as IA and I6Afrom ground whereupon relays as I3 and I4 are freed from ground which thereupon deenergize and release their mates and all relays of lower numerical value in the chain. When all such relays have been'released key 86 is released whereupon contact 86A recloses and then the correct multiplier keys may be momentarily depressed to lock up the correct multiplier.

First step in multiplication.Assuming that relays I3 and I4 and their associated relays have been locked up in the manner previously described and that multiplicand keys have been pressed and locked down whereby their associated contacts have been closed and circuits have been prepared to counting relays as II and I2, starting key I6 is momentarily depressed whereby conductor 18A is momentarily grounded. This grounds the contacts associated with the locked down multiplicand keys 51 and 58 whereupon multiplicand relays II and I2 are energized which, in the manner previously described, en-.

ergizes their mates and all multiplicand relays in the same chain of lower numerical value.

tion of the tens and units orders multiplicand or counting relays whereby contacts 813 and IB are closed to engage clutches MA and I03A. setting the number wheel units including the number wheels I04 and I03 in motion with shaft I32. These wheel units continue movement under control of counting relays, in the manner previously described, until wheel I04 registers 6 and wheel I03 registers 8. During the entry of 6 on the tens number wheel I04, cut-off relay 8 releases as described. Subsequently during the entry of 8 on the number wheel I03, cut-oil relay I releases.

Release of cut-off relay 8 opens contact 80 and release of cut-ofi relay I opens contact IC.

The energization of relay II upon energization of the multiplier relays, as above described, closed contact II X whereby conductor 180 was grounded and relay I9 thereupon energized closing contact/19A and opening contact 19B to prevent grounding of release magnet 56 until the last round of multiplication. Contact 19A is closed upon energization of relay I9 and connects contact "B with grounding conductor ISA.

In example of multiplication described herein the multiplier keysfor the digits 1 and 3,11; the tens and units orders, respectively, are pressed energizing in the tens order but one pair of relays (I3 and I1) and three pair in the units order beginning with relays I4 and 2I. In this and all other like operations it is the relay pair representing the lowest digital value that energizes first and which iseffective, by means of contacts IIX, in energizing relay I9. In the present instance relay I8 energizes and-closes contact I8X after the energization of relay II. This, however, is without efi'ect in bringing about initial energization of relay I9 as this will have already been effected by the closing of contact multiplier relays are energized relay I9 is energized and contact I9B is opened and contact 19A is closed.

Furthermore, contacts 8C and IC closedupon energization of the cut-ofl relays 8 and I when their associated multiplicand relays energized with the eflect of grounding conductor I'IC whereby relays TI and I8 were energized, as previously described Closing of contacts 80 and IC also grounded conductors I8 and I8F whereby ground was applied to relay I6 which thereupon energized making contact IIiB before breakingcontact ISA. Breaking of contacts ISA released relay I4 but relay 21 was held energized through contact IGB.

When, however,- contacts 80 and both have opened as above described conductors l'lC, I9 and I8F are freed from ground. This deenergizes relay I6 making contact I6A before breaking contact I63 and relay 22 is held energized but relay 2|! released. Inasmuch as relay I1 is a slow-to release relay it releases subsequent to the release of relay I8. Thus by the time contact "B is closed relay 2I will be released and relay 22 will be held energized through contact ISA. Closing of'contact IIB upon release of relay I'I grounds conductor 16A whereupon counting relays I I and I2 and their mates and relays of lower digital value in the respective groups'are reenergized. Subsequent to the energization of relays II and I2 slow-to-release When the counting relays finish their ener- I gization a'nd cut-01f relays 8 and I reenergize, contacts 80 and IC are closed whereupon conductors IIC, I8 and I8F are again grounded. This reenergizes relays TI and 18 and relay I6. Energization of relay I6 frees relay 22.but holds relay 23 energized.

Entry of carry-over in multiplicatiom-Inasmuch as the counting relays are new again in operation the second entry of 68 onto the wheels I04 and I 03 will be effected and when this second entry of 68 is completed the wheels I04 and I03 will respectively register 2 and 6. In passing from 8 to 6 in this operation the number wheel I03 passes from 9 to 0 whereupon the lobe I I03J on wheel I03F closes contact I03G whereby .relays I09 and H0 are energized and relays I5I and. I53 are energized and locked up. In passing from 6 to 2 number wheel I04 passes from 9 to 0 whereby the lobe on wheel IMF closes contact "MG and relays I 33 and I34 are energized with y the result that relays I52 and I54 are energized and locked up. Hence a carry from the units order to'the tens.order and another. carry from the tens order to the hundreds order are entered or accumulated in the carry over relays.

Each time relays as I5 and I6 energize contacts as I5D and IBD close whereby ground is second entry of 68 closes contacts 8D and ID and contact 31 was already closed. This, however, does not have the effect of grounding conductor inasmuch as contact 26A is open. Contact 26A is open due to the timing of relay 26, which is timed to continue energized, between successive energizations of the multiplicand relays and to release after completion of the last round of multiplication. 1

- Near the end of the entry of 2 and 6 on the wheels I04 and I03 cut-ofi relays 8 and-I released whereby contacts 80 and 'IC opened freeing conductors IIC, I9 and I8F from ground re- .leasing relay 1'. with the above described efiect" of re-grounding of conductor 16A and also deenergizing relay I6 whereby relay 23 released but relay 24 remained energized. A

Last round of multiplication under control units orde'r multiplier relays.Cut-oif relays 8 and I reenergize as a result of the re-grounding of grounding conductor 16A which has the effect of reenergizing counting relays II and I2. Relay 24 is released but relay I8 remains energized under control of contact I6B by reason of the fact that relay I6 energized upon closing of contacts'8C and 1C.

The number wheels I04 and I03 are now in operation and subsequent to the release of the cut-off relays 8 and 1 in this operation the wheels will register 8 and 4 respectively. In this operation number wheel I03 i n,passing"from 6 to 4 passed from 9 to 0 whereupon the lobe I03J on wheel I03F' closed contact I03G with the effect of energizing relays I09 and H0 whereby relays I51 and I60 were locked up and a second carry was accumulated in the carry-over relays.

Upon deenergization of relays 8 and 1 contacts 80 and 10 open whereupon conductors 110, I9 and 815 are freed from ground. This deenergizes relay I6 whereby contact IBB opens and relay I8 is released. This release of relay I8 opens contact I83 and closes contact I8C whereby conductor I8F is disconnected from relay I6 and is connected through contact I8C with conductor I 1F which through closed contact HE is connected with relay I to prepare it for energization upon the next closing of contacts 80 and 16.

Order shift in multiplication-Upon deenergization of relay I8 contact I8D closed grounding conductor IBE and contact III and through wiper H2 and conductor IIZA relay I01 is thereby grounded. Battery is subsequently supplied to relay I 01 through conductor I01D from contact I 50 upon the energization of relay I5 at the start of the next operation which is under control of locked up relays I3 and H in the tens order on multiplier relays.

Subsequent to the release of relay I6 relay 11 released closing contact 11B to ground conductor 16A and effect energization of counting relays II and I2 as well as cut-off relays 1 and I81 and HF are grounded with the result that relay I5 is energized. Contacts as NO always close before contacts as 13 and therefore relays as I5 are energized before the stepping relays associated with the counting or multiplicand relays are energized. The energization of relay I5 which results from the aforesaid closing of contacts and 80 opens contact I5A after contact I5B has been closed. Hence relay I3 releases but relay I1 is held energized.

The energization of relay I5 closes contact I5C whereupon relay I01 energizes and this occurs before the energization of stepping relays as 9 by the closing of contacts as 1B. Energization of relay I01 opens contact I01B whereby conductor I063 is disconnected from battery and this prevents energization of stepping relays as 9 and parts in circuit therewith as explained more fully hereinafter.

Energization of relay I01 closes contact I 01A whereby clutch H3 is grounded and engaged and shaft H4 is set in motion and this moves wiper,

I I2 from engagement with grounded contact III into engagement with contact IIIA. Contact IIIA however is not grounded since contact MB is open. Thus when wiper I I2 disengages contact III relay I01 is freed from ground and it thereupon deenergizes and recloses contact I013.

The opening of contact I01B and the resulting disconnection of conductor I06B from battery prevents energization of stepping relays I0 and 9 and the clutches I 04A and I03A when contacts 8C and 1C of cut-off relays 8 and 1 close. These relays and clutches, however, are not reenergized immediately by the reclosing of contact I0'IB upon deenergization of relay I01 because slow-torelease relay I06 is energized whereby contact I06A is opened, this relay energizing and opening thiscontact'upon movementv of shaft II4 from position to the next in order shift in multiplication.

The relay I06 is energized through contact II4A which includes a rider engaged with the toothed disc I M0 on shaft I I4. As soon as shaft II4 starts to move in an order shift operation the rider on contact II4A rides up on a tooth on the disc 40 whereby ground is applied to relay I06 which thereupon energizes. When movement of shaft II4 ceases the rider on contact H4 is off a tooth on disc I I40 and contact I I4 therefore is open and relay I06 is deenergized. Relay I06 being a slow-to-release relay however does not immediately release and in fact does not until the order switching operation is completed. Hence stepping relays I0 and 9 and clutches I04A and I03A are not reenergized for the next operation until slow-to-release relay I06 releases and at this time the order shift operation is completed.

Upon movement of the shaft I M whereby wiper H2 moves from engagement with contact iii into engagement with contact i 6 HA the units order shifting wiper II5 advances one step from engagement with th. contact I09 into engagement with contact II8. The tens order shifting wiper II6 also moves from engagement with contact I02 into engagement with contact H9 and the hundreds order shifting wiper II'I advances in like manner.

Multiplication in tens order.--As the result of the above described order shifting operation and the advance of wipers H5 and H6 stepping relay 9 is in circuit with clutch IOGA and stepping relay I0 is in circuit with clutch I05A. Clutch I03A is out of circuit inasmuch as the units order number wheel is not to be operated because operation is now under control of the tens order multiplier relays. At the start of this next operation the wheels I04 and I03 respectively register 8 and 4.

When battery is supplied to conductor I 06B by the closing of contact I06A clutches I04A and I05A and stepping relays 9 and I0 energize whereupon, under control of the multiplicand relays, 6 and 8 are respectively added on tli y number wheels I05 and I04 and at the end of this operation the wheels I05, I04 and I03 register 6, 6, 4, respectively.

In this operation number wheel I 04 passes from 8 to 6 and hence passes from 9 to 0 which results in the closing of contact I04G and the energization of relay I 6| and its mate I65.

While the last digit 6 is being entered on the number wheel I05 cut-oil relay 8 deenergizes and subsequently while the last digit 6 is being-entered on the wheel I 04 cut-off relay 1 deenergizes. Upon deenergization of cut-off relay 1 and the opening of contact 10, conductors 110, I9, I8F and HF are freed from ground. This deenergizes relay I5 which opens contact I 5B I whereupon relay I1 deenerg-ize's. Deenergization of relay I1 opens contact I1X whereupon relay 18 deenergizes opening contact 18A and closing contact 183. Hence when slow-to-release relay 11 subsequently releases and contact 113 closes,

circuit is closed through contacts 18A and 18B.

and conductor 80F to release magnet 58 whereupon locked down keys 51 and 58 are released.

At this time all counting relays and'their cutoff relays and all multiplier relays and their con trol relays are released. v v

Carry-over operation multiplicatiom-Sincethe cut-oi! relays 1 and 8 are released contacts 1D and 8D are closed. Moreover the control relays I5 and I5 are released and circuit to slowto-release relay 26 is opened and this relay starts to release. I Slow-to-release relay 25 prevents grounding of conductor 25 intermediate rounds of multiplication and during order shift operations by maintaining contact 20A open. Hence the release time of this relay is sumciently prolonged to prevent opening of contact 28A to enablenine pairs of multiplicand relays to become energized as well as the cut-off relay as 1 associated therewith and a control relay as I5 and also to allow for its own energizing time. When,

however, relay 28 does release contact 26A closes and conductor 25 is grounded through closed contacts 31, 8D, 1D and 25A.

In the present instance cut-off relay I58 is energized since carry-over relays in the lower group are energized wherefore contact I58B is closed and contact I58C is open. Therefore conductor 25is connected through contact I 583 with stepping relay I55 and clutch I2IA. Thus grounding of conductor 25 energizes stepping relay I55 and clutch I2IA whereupon wheel I04 takes motion.

The energization of relay I55 releases relay I51. Shortly after wheel I04, and therefore shunting wheel I2I, takes motion, contact I2IE shunts out stepping relay I 55 whereupon relay I60 releases. Shunting wheel I2I continues to move and just prior to the entry of the first carry on the wheel I 04, that is to say, immediately before this wheel registers 7, shunting contact I2IE opens to energize relay I55 and thereby release relay I5I.

Wheels I04 and I2I continue movement and ning of the registration of 8 on the wheel I04, shunting contact I2IE closes deenergizing relay I55 to release relay I53and shortly before the registration of 8 is completed contact I2IE opens energizing relay I55 to release cut-off relay I58 whereupon contact I58B opens and stepping relay I55 andclutch I2IA are freed from ground and the clutch releases at the time the wheel I04 registers 8.

Immediately after contact I58B opened contact I580 closed and since cut-off relay I59 is energized, contact I503 is closed wherefore conductor 25 grounds stepping relay-I58 and clutch I24A- whereupon number wheel I05 and shunting wheel I04 take motion. This, in the manner above described in connection with the relays I51, I60, I5I, I53 and I58, effects successive release of relays I6I, I55,'I52, I54 and I59 and immediately subsequent to the release of relay I58 clutch I24A will release and the wheel I05 will register 8.

Wheels I05, I04 and I03 now register 884, the product of 68 times 13.

Zero-setting operation.-Since the multiplying computation has been completed it is desirable to reset the number wheels to zero and this is effected by momentarily closing zero-setting key 8I whereupon all of the number wheels take motion under control of their zero-setting contacts and return to zero in the manner previously described.

Inasmuch as the switch I30 has been shifted from its normal units order position contact I28 is closed. Hence'upon energization of the relay I08 by pressing of the key 8| ground is applied through closed contact I08G, conductor I28A, closed contact I28 to the clutch II3 whereupon the shaft H4 is set in motion and this continues to rotate until the rider of contact I20 enters the notch in disc II4B fast on the shaft II4 whereupon contact I28 opens and clutch H3 is released. Since the notch in the disc l B is at the normal units order positionof switch I30 it will now have been returned to its normal units order position and sincethe number wheels I05, I 04 and I03 will be in their zero positions the machine is readyfor its next operation.

Subtraction.The minuend is entered in the amount manifestingdevice in the same manner as that in which 34 isentered therein, which has been described heretofore. The subtrahend is then set up on thekeys of Fig.1 and the direction of rotation of shafts I32 and I21 is reversed.- .This can be done conveniently by reversing the motor I28. The subtrahend is then entered in the amount manifesting device under control of the counting relays, as described above,'and since, in this operation, the amount manifesting device moves in a direction opposite to that in which it moved when the minuend was entered therein and the device theerfore, after entry of the subtrahend, registers the difference. Any carryover reiruired is accumulated in the manner abovedescribed and is entered in the manner above described prior to the time the shafts I32 and I21 are again rotated in their normal direction of rotation.

' SUMMARY In multiplying and adding operations a carry from one order of digits into the next higher order is necessary each time an amount manifesting member, for a particular order of digits, in an amount manifesting device passes from 9 to 0 and likewise, in a subtracting operation, when sucha member passes from 0 to 9. The present invention includes means which are actuated each time such movement of an amount manifesting member occurs and in the illustrated form of the invention this consists of contacts, as I03G, which are engaged by means as wheel IMF and lobe I03J thereon, associated with the member, these contacts closing an electrical circuit.

I have found it to be advantageous to effect entry of a carry or carries from one order of digits in the next higher order 'of digits as the last step of a computation in which the carry or carries arise. Thus in an adding or subtracting computation the carry is effected after one number has been added to. or subtracted from another, as the case may be, but in multiplying computations effected by the over and over addition method the carries are not effected until the multiplicand has been entered as many times as required by .the multiplier and this entails accumulating and storing the carries. Thus I have provided means in association with each of digits that the accumulated carries may be entered in the next higher order at a predetermined time. The accumulation'of the carries is efiected under control of the means actuated by the means associated with the amount manifesting member of the amount manifesting device. In the illustrated form of the invention such accumulating and storing means are relays, as l5! and I53, under control of the circuit including the contacts that are closed each time a carry is to be made. Closing of the contacts effects energization and locking up of the relays sequentially in a number corresponding o the number of the carries required.

The entry of the carries in the order of digits next higher to that in which they arise is effected as the last step of the computation and this is under control means which effect starting of the entry of the carries when'other steps are completed. Such means in the illustrated form of the invention are contacts, as ID, 8D, 31 and 26A, in circuit with means as control relays, as I55, and entry effecting means such as clutches, as l2 IA.

Hence, while I have illustrated and described a preferred form of apparatus and examples of.

computations that may be performed thereby and while in so doing I have shown and described counting relays for controlling the entry of numbers in the amount manifesting device and have also shown and described a particular form of amount manifesting device as well as many other details of construction, it is to be understood that my .novel carry-over may be used with other forms of apparatus embodying a variety of devices and that the illustrated apparatus and devices are capable of variation andmodification. I am, therefore, not to be limited to the precise details set forth but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fall within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine wherein computations are performed in a plurality of orders of digits, means for accumulating the carries from one order into the next order required in a computation, said means including a plurality of members settable in sets of which each set is representative of a single carry, means for succes- 'sively entering accumulated carries in said next by order, and means controlled by the carry accumulating means for preventing the entry of accumulated carries in a higher order until the entry of accumulated carries in a lower order has been completed and providing for such entry in said higher order immediately upon completion of entries in said lower order.

3. In a calculating machine including a register wherein the result of a computation is accumulated in a plurality of digital orders, accumulating means under control of said register for accumulating the carries from one order to the next order required in a computation, means under control of the accumulating means for entering accumulated carries in the register, and

means controlled by the carry accumulating means for preventing the entry of an accumulated carry in a higher order until the entry of accumulated carries in all preceding orders has been completed and providing for such entry in said higher order immediately upon completion of entries in any lower order.

4. In a calculating machine including a manifesting device, means for entering the result of a computation in said device, means including parts pertaining to respective orders of said manifesting device for accumulating any carries from any order to the respective next higher orders as required in a computation, means for entering any accumulated carries in said next higher orders, means for effecting operation of the accumulated carry entry means at a predetermined time in a computation, and means under control of said parts pertaining to any order so long as carries are stored therein for preventing operation of said accumulated carry entry means for the next higher order for rendering said last means effective to enable the carry entry means for entering carries in the next higher order when said stored carries are exhausted.

5. In a carry-over device for a calculating machine wherein'computations may be performed in a plurality of orders, means for receiving a first carry from one order into the next order required in a computation, means for receiving a second carry from said one order into the next order, means for receiving a first carry from said next order into a succeeding order, means for receiving a second carry from said next order into said succeeding order, entering means for entering any carries from said one order into said next order, additional entering means for entering any carries from said next order into said succeeding order and means under control of the first two carry receiving means for disabling said additional entering means only so long as any carries are stored in said first two carrying receiving means.

6. In a carry-over device for a calculating machine wherein computations may be performed in a plurality of orders, means for receiving a first carry from one order into the next order required in a computation, means for receiving a second carry from said one order into the next order, means for receiving a first carry from said next order into a succeeding order, means for receiving a second carry from said next order into said succeeding order, entering means for entering any carries from said one order into said next order, additional entering means for entering any carries from said next order into said succeeding order, and means under control of the first two named carry receiving means for disabling said additional entering means so long as carries are stored in said first two carry receiving means thereby preventing entry of any carry from said next order into said succeeding order until the entry of any carry from said one order into said next order has been completed, and means under control of the third and fourth named carry receiving means and operable so long as carries are stored in said third and fourth carry receiving means to cause the means under control of the first two named carry receiving means to enable said additional entering means immediately upon exhaustion of carries in the first two carrying receiving means.

7.- In a carry-over device for a calculating machine wherein computations may be performed in a plurality of orders, means for receiving a first one period when carries are stored in said carry receiving means for entry in both saidnext order and in said succeeding order for entering any carries from said one order into said next order and operable during a succeeding period for entering any carries from said next order into said succee'ding order, and means under control of the first two named carry receiving means and operable in an instance when no carries are stored in said first two named carry receiving means but when carries are stored in said third and fourth named carry receiving means to disable said entry means so far as concerns entry of carries from said one order into said next, order and to enable said entry means for eflecting entry of the carries from said next order into said succeeding order during said one period.

8. In a carry-over device for calculating ma-' chines, a relay, a second relay, means for energizing the first relay when a carry from one order of digits to the next order is required in a calculation, means under control of the first relay for energizing the second relay after energization ofthe first relay, means independent of the first energizing means for maintaining said relays energized and operable to successively deenergize said relays, means for entering said carry in said next order, means controlled by said carry entering means for operating said main? taining means to efiect,such deenergization of said relays, and means controlled by said relays for enabling said carry entering means.

9. In a carry-over device for calculating machines, a relay, a second relay, means for energizing the first relay when a carry from one order of digits to the next order is required in a calculation, means under control of the first relay for energizing the second relay after energization of the first relay, a third relay, means for enerenergizing to prevent operation of the entering means after the entry of said carry. 10. In a carry-over device for calculating machines, a relay, a second relay, means for energizing the first relay when a carry from one order of digits to the next order is required in a calculation, means under control of the first relay for energizing the second relay after eneipgization of the first relay, a third relay, means for energizing said third relay under control of said second relay, a fourth relay, means on the second relay for preparing said fourth relay for energization by the energizing means when a second carry from said one order into said next order is required in a calculation, a fifth relay, means under control of the fourth relay for energizing the fifth relay after energization of the fourth relay, means for maintaining said relays energized, means for interrupting said maintaining means, and means controlled by the release of the fourth and fifth of said relays for entering the second of said carries in said next order and controlled by the first and second of said relays for entering the first of said carries in said next order.

11. In a calculating machine wherein computations are performed in a plurality of orders of digits, electrically operated means including a plurality of successively energizable and deenergizable members, said members being energizable in a predetermined sequence to represent the carries required from one order to the next in a last step of the computation in which carries are accumulated, and means controlled by said entering means for successively deenergizing said ,members during entry of the accumulated carries.

12. In a calculating machine wherein computations are preformed in a plurality oi orders of digits, a plurality of relays successively energizable in a chain to store the carries required from one order to the next in a computation, holding circuits for maintaining said relays in energized condition, said holding circuits becomng effective upon energization of said relays and the number of said relays energized being determined by the number of carries so stored, means under control of the energized of said relays for successively entering the stored carries in said next order as the last step of the computation in which carries are stored, and means controlled by said entering means for successively breaking said holding circuits for said relays during entry of the stored carries to thereby successively deenergize said relays.

13. In a calculating machine including a register wherein the result of a computation is accumulatedin a plurality of digital orders, means for efiecting entry of such a result in said register, means for accumulating the carries required from one digital order into the next digital order in the course of entry in said register by the entry effecting means and including a plurality of members settable in sets of which each set is representative of a single carry, means controlled by the entry effecting means and operative to initiate successive entry of the accumulated carries in said next order as the last step in accumulating a result in said register, and means controlled by elements of said register for restoring said settable members to their unset condition during entry of the accumulated carries.

14. In a calculating machine including a register wherein the result of a computation is accumulated in a plurality of digital orders, means for effecting entry of such a result in said register, means for accumulating the carries required from one digital order into the next digital order in the course oientry in said register by the entry eifecting means and including a plurality of members arranged in groups and settable in sets and in which each group pertains to carries from a particular order to the next order and of which each set is representative of a single carry, means controlled bythe entry efiecting means and operative to initiate entry of the accumulated carries into said next orders order by order as the last step in accumulating a result in said register, and, means controlled by elements of said register for restoring said settable members to their unset condition during entry of the ac-- 

